A Jazz WebQuest

It's post concert series and now I get to look forward to my unit about jazz music. I had to design this WebQuest for a graduate course at Kent State (my online program) and found it actually a lot of fun to do!

1. The Link - https://sites.google.com/a/kent.edu/jazzwebquest/

The first page shows jazz greats Billie Holiday and Louis Armstrong. The students are split into groups and allowed to pick a jazz artist, however they cannot duplicate which artist they want to research. Since we're from Iowa I try to suggest Glen Miller, or even Benny Goodman from Illinois, but a mean jazz clarinet player.

After those artists are picked it was time to go into the next step of the project. I had originally planned to use Google Slides, however my students don't currently have access to that, so I decided to meet with our teacher library Dixie Forcht - (follow her @dixieforcht) to discuss other options. One of these options went from GarageBand, but from there we decided on using iMovie. The students' new task is now to create a movie trailer based on their jazz artist. They are to speak as though they are the producer/director of this film and they will be presenting the information requested in great detail.

That being said I'm working with the students to save their notes through Google Docs, so they may share them with their classmates, so they can access them whenever they need them.

The biography sections requires the family history of the artist. Where are they from? What's their birthday day? Did they have siblings? What other things may they have done?

The next section requires the students to research the instrument that their performer used. What can they tell their peers about it? Was it typically used for jazz band/concert band/orchestra? Also, mind blowing enough, the voice is an instrument! What kind of style do they use? What's Ella Fitzgerald doing? Scatting of course!

The last section requires the students to obtain a video of their performer. Since I'm not exactly sure what is available through TeacherTube, my goal is to have students conference with me about the different pieces and research that specific piece. Where was it recorded? What instruments are included? What makes it unique?

The first time I did this project I had a wonderful teaching moment. I had a group choose Billie Holiday. As many of you know, Lady Day, had well, a colorful past and also some heart wrenching songs to be sung/heard. This group choose the piece Strange Fruit. Now I wanted to see how this tiny school's students would take a piece like this so I allowed it. Eventually a student in the group approached me and asked in greater detail what it was about. This student was African American. The race typically wouldn't matter, unless you were researching this piece. Strange Fruit is a song, sung about "strange fruit" hanging from a tree. Yes a tree. Meaning this had to do with the hanging of members of the black culture. Dang! Right?! To top it off, she sang that in prominent jazz clubs as a black performer to a bunch of white aristocrats. The room feel silent. This was a powerful moment, because we can look at the historical importance of this piece and this event to see where we've come from and how we're still growing as a society.

While students are finding their facts, they will be citing their sources in an MLA format with the help of Ms. Forcht.

The last portion is a self reflection. This allows members of a group to be completely honest with themselves and about their peers. I hope that we have the same results this time around.

The trailers will feature music by the artist and the movie talks with allow the students to see how they could portray the life and times of the performers.

Feel free to comment/share/ask questions. I'll be making changes to this over the summer!

Thanks - Travis @traviszinnel

Developing Standards-Based Report Cards

Thanks to an administrator that has a great deal of educational literature I was able to get my hands on the book, Developing Standards-Based Report Cards by Thomas R. Guskey and Jane M. Bailey. As I'm reading I'm trying to remain open minded about a lot of things; for instance, the use of points and what those points really mean, and how standards-based grading can become a more accurate reporting system from teachers to parents?

So I've only just begun reading the book, but I feel I need to make some major notes and refer to a lot of the author's ideas. This just allows me to better organize my thoughts and my rambling before I write my program design and review of literature. Guskey and Bailey give educators some great guiding premises that I feel need to be discussed or at least pointed out:

1. Developing a standards-based report card is primarily a challenge in effective communication.
2. Accurate interpretation is the key element in effective communication
3. Consistency is essential to accurate interpretation
4. Developing a successful report card involves a series of trade-offs
5. Report cards should be descriptive, not restrictive
6. No report card is perfect
7. Developing a standards-based report card requires teamwork, broad involvement, and initial training or study.

All of these thoughts are great, but are a bit a overwhelming to start. The first two premises talked about communication and this is truly a key component of adequate and effective assessment. I'm looking forward to educating my students and parents about what our students are expected to learn and how they should be able to demonstrate that learning. With this type of grading I feel that I will be making a bunch of rubrics, but that's okay - it will hold the students accountable... but it will also hold me accountable. I'm sure that I, like many teachers early in their careers, fudge the lines and give scores that aren't because of content knowledge, but because they try hard. Yeah we mean well, but by giving the score they achieve/earn will allow the rubric to help the student see the work expected and how they can show what they know.

Number 5 - descriptive, not restrictive means that as educators our jobs are to teach our content, assess that learning has taken place, and communicate that with parents. In music our standard could relate to singing a melody on pitch without accompaniment. The student can meet the standard a majority of the time, but has tendencies to go perhaps under or over the pitch. That is where our rubric and grade reports can show parents specifically why the student achieved which score.

Number 6 allows us to be human. No matter how we try to develop the perfect assessment and the perfect report card we just can't. On the plus side, knowing this helps us strive for perfection, which in theory should help our students and our instruction. 

Thanks for reading this musings! Chapter 2 will be coming soon. Please consider following me on social media - @traviszinnel on Twitter. I would appreciate any followers and any insight in SBG and other grading practices. 

Guskey, T., & Bailey, J. (2010). Developing standards-based report cards. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin.

Tracking Students' Progress

Throughout Chapter 5 of "Formative Assessment and Standards-Based Grading" we look at the different approaches for Tracking Student Progress. I read this chapter and became super confused about assigning summative scores, but then I found that 4th approach. This approach is all about Continual Improvement Throughout the Year. I know this seems like a no brainer, but especially for music it is.

When going through this SBG journey, I think my department could benefit from a total restructure of curriculum, or a design. This allows us to examine the whole experience that a student can experience in music education. If we can see exactly what standards our elementary music teacher is covering and assessing then I should be able to do the same in middle school. In middle school new opportunities arise - students can choose after 6th grade to be in either band, choir, or both. From there I do my own sort of tracking through delivering my beginning instrumental and vocal ensemble instruction. My standards will be met through continual assessment of standards. I've been asked to look with my secondary music colleagues at what the expectations are to be successful as a band/choir student in the freshman year.

To ensure that the tracking is well documented, I have already kept a lesson binder with sheets of the student's progress from weekly lesson attendance. On these sheets I can see if a student came prepared to learn and how many excerpts they have passed from their lesson book. My goal is to move to SBG (performance based grading) so I am able to see if mastery is being achieved on different concepts like "Student is able to play basic rhythms - whole, half, quarter, and eighth notes". Student can demonstrate that through the exercises provided in their lesson books.

As I go into the next year, I intend to track my singers a bit more thoroughly. I plan to have a portfolio of sorts that will have what the students' ranges are and what their tone quality is. I hope to check these quarterly so I could potentially learn more about the changing voice and when to anticipate those changes. Those changes will make SBG challenging in the respect that students will be trying to manipulate an anatomical change... so how do we grade appropriately? Also, communicating to parents and students - even to administration that the student is receiving that grade, not because of a lack of trying, but because the students can't, no matter the manipulation. This grade will change hopefully in middle school but can change through high school. Let's be real... How many voices don't still crack?

This continual tracking can be passed on into the high school setting where we can begin to see a culmination of the K-12 instruction. Through the use of Comprehensive Musicianship Project (CMP) we will begin to see students graduate with a well-rounded music education. I'm very excited to provide the foundation in both instrumental and choral music, taking what the elementary music teacher built and continue it. This should overall help with retention and continued recruitment. Educating students and parents of the standards and how they will be tracked allows for a student to start band/choir at any age and be assessed accordingly. Woot!

Thanks for reading folks! Have a great day! - TGZ

Chapter 3 - The Need for a New Scale

This next chapter in Formative Assessment and Standards-Based Grading urges teachers to look at the current 100 point scale in teaching and moving toward more of a rubric and small score based scale. In the Standards-Based Grading (SBG) setting this is our intention. With the use of rubrics we can better assess our students. The funny thing is that we will still "score" our students - especially in our classes/districts with grading programs that only allow for a points-based system. The points-based issue doesn't need to be a bad thing...we can overcome it. This is done through assigning students a numerical score, but ultimately we could have the scores transfer to language like this:

5.0 - Exceeds expectations - mastery shown with extra practice
4.0 - Meets expectations - the student is demonstrating mastery, this leaves room for extra practice
3.0 - Approaching expectations - the student is able to demonstrate mastery, but on an inconsistent basis.
2.0/1.0 - remediation is required.
NA - this label is for standards that haven't been assessed yet

Now this is a scale that I just put together on the spot. While going on this SBG journey, I intend to look at peer reviewed journals, rubrics that other music educators have used, and resources from other educators.

I'm sure that many of us making this transition to SBG can see the assessment format to be overwhelming, but with the help of national and state music standards, I will be able to smoothly move away from points-based systems. I will be able to identify learning goals (targets) and create rubrics to assess them. The 6th grade science teacher at my school and I have talked about this. I asked - how did you create Learning Targets (LT)? She said that she merely took the science standard and broke it down into smaller sections. This is important for our students to not become overwhelmed.

Marzano brings up a great idea - how can we better communicate these rubrics with our students? He suggests giving the students an brief explanation of the rubric expectations and help them word it in a way that is understandable. I can say that this can be challenging and we may feel that we're supposed to be the people that use academic jargon throughout our practice. Well... let's be honest... Kids may not care about the use of "big words" and such, so why not have them help decipher how they can demonstrate their learning? We can help students take hold of their learning...which is so powerful!

My goal for this chapter is again - identify my standards, identify my LT, and create rubrics and lesson plans accordingly.

Happy Saturday Everyone!

- TGZ

The Anatomy of Formative Assessments

I was handed the book, Formative Assessment and Standards-Based Grading by Robert J Marzano. This is part of my direction shift from a points-based grading system to a standards-based system. The big take aways from this chapter are:

• Formative assessment is a process, not just giving a test, quiz, or worksheet. This type of assessment provides feedback to both the teacher and the student. Something to think about with this type of assessment, or any type really, is that when a test is given or when questions are asked we as teachers can find inadequacies in our instruction. This is typically shown through the number of missed questions, or in my case - missed pitches and incorrect rhythms. This allows the teacher to reteach and the students to eventually improve the student and the ensemble's achievement.

There are three types of Classroom Assessments - these are simply obtrusive, unobtrusive, and student-generated assessments.

• Obtrusive assessments are when we stop to take a test, fill out a worksheet, and they obstruct the flow of instruction. When first reading it, I held a negative connotation to the word "obtrusive". Yes, it may interrupt the flow, but I don't think that has to be a negative in our classrooms. These types of assessments allow us to collect our data through hard copies. 

• Unobtrusive assessments are more procedural and they don't interrupt the flow of instruction. These are content driven involving learning a skill, strategy, or a process. 

• The most underutilized type of assessment is student-generated assessment. Basically this means that students are guiding how they'll demonstrate what they've learned. I'm sure I'm not alone with saying that I struggle with this...I shouldn't, but I was trained by teachers that taught with stock assessments and a prescribed way of assessing. The cool thing, is that a shift can happen through Standards-Based Assessment. The teacher, with help from their national and states standards, can lay out the expectations academically for students. From there a student gets to demonstrate mastery of a skill set. In my district, particularly in 6th grade science, I've seen that students can't demonstrate they have mastery of a learning target, so that means the teacher meets with them during lunch and recess to reteach, allow for retakes, and the teacher allow provides other opportunities to demonstrate learning. I feel this allows for students to take ownership of their learning. 

There were other take aways that I had, but it is getting late. As I've been working on this transition, I'm excited to "nerd out" and share my findings. Please feel free to follow me @traviszinnel on Twitter. I'm happy to connect and to continue to learn.

Marzano, R. (2010). The anatomy of formative assessment. In Formative assessment & standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.

A Standards-Based Journey Begins

It's been awhile! As many of you that view my blog may know that I'm a master's student through Kent State Universities Master in Music Education program. I'm currently in my research course and am working toward my Capstone course. This course goes hand-in-hand with the Capstone course. I've decided that my project will be developing a program design where I will change all of my assessing the courses I teach to standards-based grading.

Today's reading was The Collaborative Teacher, Chapter 4 by Chris Jakicic entitled, "Too Much To Teach: How to Identify What Matters Most". Here Jakicic lays out some important aspects of the Professional Learning Community (PLC) and offers some guidance toward developing a curriculum's standards.

Robert Marzano found 2 factors for student achievement - having a guaranteed and viable curriculum. This means that there are two aspect s of viability - the opportunity to learn and is there time to teach? While reading I found the three types of of curriculum; they are the intended or what the district/state/national branches develop, the implemented or what the teacher actually teaches, and the attained curriculum which is what the student actually learns. I believe it's nice to look at this as a holistic approach to curriculum development. We take the intended curriculum and enhance/choose what's best for our classroom (implemented); that is followed by what our students are actually learning or what do we hope for them to learn? My question is - how do we make sure that these are all being met? A question I hope to answer in the near future.

Back to the title of the chapter, "Too Much To Teach", the chapter suggests finding five to seven essential understandings that I want every student entering my classroom to have? What are the five to seven I can guarantee that every student leaving my room will have? These are great questions. In the midst of standards-based assessment I continue to find myself merely treading water in a vast sea of standards. I think every standard is important to a meaningful music education, but where do we draw the line? How do we create a foundation that not every student will have access to?

The next step in creating our curriculum is making sure that we create Power Standards:

Endurance - those standards that will be important to students beyond the time they are being taught and will be remembered after the assessment. In music we are constantly building upon a skill set, consistently adding tools to a kit to be later used. This is very similar to every academic discipline... we build upon the previously taught material, to enhance it.

Leverage - those standards that identify knowledge and understanding across multiple subject areas

Readiness - those standards that are prerequisites to future learning

All of these ideas are important to a well-rounded and strong founded curriculum.

The last part of the section talks about Professional Learning Communities and how they choose and assess specific standards. In my district I am the middle school music teacher, the high school faculty do assist with a class here and there, but I think as a department the alignment should begin. This is my first year in the district and I am excited to see how we could build upon a skill set taught in elementary, enhance in middle school, and allow for the middle to feed into two different high school programs. The problem comes with assessing... Do we have basic standards? There is so much that goes into playing an instrument or singing a melody that I wonder if those are too broad? Where do we go... I'll keep you in the know, but for now I'm signing off. I intended to blog much more and ask for resources to help my school and myself create a standards-based assessment system.

Have an excellent week everyone! 

Benjamin Zander - One Buttock Performing

Today for my Musical Analysis class I had the opportunity to view a wonderful TedTalk by Benjamin Zander. His goal for the talk was to give an analysis of Chopin's Prelude in E minor, but he gave us so much more.

Watch this - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9LCwI5iErE

During his talk I find myself feeling the emotion of what Late Romantic period music brought to listeners - aesthetic value, colorful pieces. The Romantic Period allowed for a piece to be transformed from a strictly auditory medium, to become visual. The talk continues and he has some clever moments, having to do with deceptive cadences (our ears are conditioned to think that we should end on I (i) or the tonic of a chord), but he does so much more. These deceptive cadences allow for emotion to come to the forefront of our music.

As a music educator I loved how he described one buttock playing, which is just saying that the music should move you, the impulses are felt, but not in a rigid way. My goal is to help my students play or sing with only one buttock, but how? Music instruction is a passion for me. I have been feeling the February slump, just like many other teachers, however this TedTalk allowed me to recognize that I can do it. Zander points out something that every director should know, but I'm sure often forgets, "The conductor never makes a sound." There is actually a power transfer. A director's/educators power comes from their students/performers. We depend on our ability to give those students power. It in with this ability that great things happen. This is an ongoing process! The energy and power transfers from the educator through enthusiasm and what many schools could label as their GRR or Gradual Release of Responsibility. In other words, I interpret it this way - I will give foundation content knowledge, through engaging instruction, but then I can't do any more... Not until the students take what they have learned and apply it. In the music classroom I can only teach the basics, but we all know that we can't make the students practice or do it for them. The responsibility has shifted.

We are awakening possibility in other people! Zander says we can tell by looking in their eyes. If they're shining you're doing it. We will not reach every student in every way, but it's okay! Try to connect, build relationships, care, share your passion. Believe in yourself and your students because that's the only way we can do this.

I am exhausted, just like all my colleagues, but I have needed this renewed purpose. Here we go! Onward and Upward. One Buttock Performing.